By contrast, the introvert tends to be quiet, retiring and studious. The typical introvert is reserved and distant except in intimate friendships, tends to plan ahead, and usually distrusts acting on impulse, Such persons prefer a well-arranged existence, keep their feelings well controlled, and are more passive than aggressive. Generally reliable, although somewhat pessimistic, typical introverts seldom lose their temper and tend to place great value on ethical standards.

NEUROTICISM. High N scores indicate strong emotional lability and overactivity. Persons with high scores tend to be emotionally overresponsive, and encounter difficulties in calming down. Such persons complain of vague somatic upsets, and report many worries, anxieties, and irritating emotional feelings. They may develop neurotic disorders when under stress, which fall short of actual neurotic collapses. High scores do not preclude such persons functioning adequately in the family and work situation.

PSYCHOTICISM. High scores display tendencies to developing psychotic disorders while at the same time falling short of the actual psychotic conditions. Persons with high P scores are inclined toward being cruel, inhumane, socially indifferent, hostile, aggressive, not considerate of danger, insular, glacial and intolerant. They show a propensity towards making trouble for others, belittling, acting disruptively, and are lacking in empathy.

The term psychoticism is psychiatric in nature, and to avoid the immediate conclusion that high scores are psychotically disturbed, the more euphemistic term, tough-mindedness, is generally preferred since it serves to emphasize the developmental stages of pathology rather than the existing conditions.